Infantile colic doesn't indicate illness, nor does it suggest any issues with the baby's intestines. It's rather a "syndrome" caused by unknown reasons, wherein despite parents' best efforts to soothe, the baby may still cry inconsolably.
During episodes, the baby's stomach appears bloated, accompanied by uncomfortable facial expressions, hence termed "colic."
Age of Colic Onset
According to Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare, colic typically occurs in babies aged 10 days to 3 months, with around 20% experiencing colic symptoms starting from the second to fourth week, peaking around the sixth week, and tapering off by the third to fourth month, with the latest duration extending to six months.
Symptoms of Infantile Colic
- Less likely to occur during the day but intensifies suddenly in the evening or at night
- Crying is louder and continuous, accompanied by punching and kicking, sometimes arching the feet as if in pain
- Severe cases may result in a flushed face
- Sometimes accompanied by abdominal bloating, making the belly appear rounded
- Despite seeming hungry, the baby refuses to feed
- Difficult to soothe, but quiets down on their own after a few hours
Causes of Colic
The exact cause of infantile colic is unknown. It could be due to stimulation, inability to be comforted emotionally, or immature development of the baby's nervous system. In rare cases, colic may result from cow's milk protein allergy. It's essential to differentiate colic from emergencies like hernia. Pediatricians evaluate whether the baby's distress is caused by another treatable condition.
Diagnosis of Colic: The 3-3-3 Rule
In otherwise healthy babies without fever, poor weight gain, or other illnesses, parents can use the "3-3-3 rule" shared by hospitals to assess whether the baby's discomfort is due to colic:
- Crying for more than 3 hours a day
- Crying on more than 3 days a week
- Persisting for more than 3 weeks
However, parents might not wait for three weeks given the baby's discomfort.
Pediatricians suggest that colic typically resolves naturally after three months, so there's no need for excessive worry. If concerned about the baby's health, consulting a neonatologist for a detailed assessment and diagnosis is recommended.
Managing Colic: Methods to Relieve Baby's Discomfort
Though no absolute effective methods exist for resolving infantile colic, pediatricians suggest aiding relief through feeding methods, dietary adjustments, and soothing techniques:
Feeding Methods:
- Breastfeeding is optimal for digestion.
- For formula-fed babies, feeding in an upright position, at a slower pace, with frequent burping to reduce air intake, and using anti-colic bottles are advised.
Dietary Adjustments:
- For formula-fed babies with colic possibly due to cow's milk protein allergy, switching to hydrolyzed formula might help. However, it's recommended to discuss with a pediatrician before switching formulas.
Soothing Techniques:
Pediatricians recommend the "5S" method for soothing colicky babies:
- Swaddling: Wrapping the baby snugly to mimic the womb's feeling of security.
- Sucking: Offering breast or pacifier for soothing.
- Side Position: Allowing the baby to lie on their side or holding them in a position where the abdomen is downward.
- Swinging: Gently rocking the baby to comfort, ensuring proper support for the head and neck.
- Shushing: Creating a calming sound environment similar to sounds heard in the womb, such as white noise.
Every baby may respond differently to soothing methods, so it's recommended to observe the baby's reactions and try various techniques to find what works best.
What is the "Colic Hold"?
The "colic hold" is one method to alleviate a baby's discomfort. It involves wrapping the baby snugly in a towel or cloth and holding them upright to aid in releasing gas, while also allowing the baby to feel the warmth and hear the mother's heartbeat, simulating the comforting environment of the womb.
When to Seek Medical Attention for a Colicky Baby?
Pediatricians advise that if all soothing methods have been attempted and the baby continues to cry persistently, accompanied by prolonged crying, bile in vomit, fever, or lethargy, it's advisable to consult a pediatrician as these could indicate a genuine illness.
Infantile colic is a phase experienced by many babies and doesn't reflect parental care inadequacy. Most babies naturally outgrow it as their bodies mature. Parents need to be patient and provide love and support to accompany their child through this phase of growth. However, if colic persists beyond six months or recurs without apparent cause, it's essential to monitor for related conditions.
